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1 commercial risk analysis
Englisch-Deutsch Fachwörterbuch der Wirtschaft > commercial risk analysis
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2 commercial risk
third party risk — риск, которому подвергается третье лицо
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3 risk
1. сущ.1) общ. риск, опасность (как ситуация, которая может привести к материальным убыткам или другим нежелательным последствиям)fire risk — риск пожара [возгорания\]; пожароопасность
risk to smb./smth. — риск для кого-л./чего-л.
at risk to smb./smth. — с риском для кого-л./для чего-л.
minimization of risk, risk minimization — минимизация риска
to mitigate risks — смягчать [ослаблять\] риски
avoidance of risk, risk avoidance — избежание риска
to limit the risk of (smth.) — ограничивать риск (чего-л.)
limited risk — ограниченный (какой-л. риск)
to increase the risk of (smth.) — увеличивать риск (чего-л.)
to run a [the\] risk, to run risks — рисковать
to put smb./smth. at risk — подвергать риску кого-л./что-л.
to incur a risk — подвергаться риску, рисковать
to face a risk — сталкиваться с риском, подвергаться риску
to take [to undertake\] a risk, to take [undertake\] risks — рисковать, идти на риск; брать [принимать\] на себя риск
to assume a risk — брать [принимать\] на себя риск
assumption of risk, risk assumption — принятие риска
to reject [to decline\] a risk — отказаться от риска, отказаться принять риск
to carry [to bear\] a risk — а) нести риск; подвергаться риску; б) нести риск, быть источником риска
Floodwaters can carry the risk of typhoid or other dangerous diseases. — Наводнение может нести риск распространения тифа или других опасных заболеваний.
All funds carry the risk of losing money — some more than others. — Все фонды рискуют потерять деньги — некоторые в большей степени, чем другие.
to underwrite risks — страховать риски, принимать риски на страхование
underwriting of risks, risk underwriting — андеррайтинг рисков
calculation of risk, risk calculation — расчет риска
to evaluate [to estimate\] risk — оценивать риск
risk evaluation [valuation\], evaluation [valuation\] of risk — оценка риска
to identify risk — идентифицировать [распознавать\] риск
to prioritize risks — приоритезировать риски, ранжировать риски по приоритету
to measure risk — измерять [оценивать\] риск
risk model, model of risk — модель риска
risk modelling, modelling of risk — моделирование риска
risk coverage, coverage of risk — покрытие риска
distribution of risk, risk distribution — распределение риска
to entail risk — быть связанным с риском, влечь за собой риск
Bonds also entail the risk of default, or the risk that an issuer will be unable to make income or principal payments. — Облигации также связаны с риском неплатежа, или риском, что эмитент будет неспособен выплачивать доходы по облигациям или погашать основную сумму облигаций.
risk disclosure, disclosure of risk — раскрытие информации о риске
to transfer risks — перекладывать [передавать\] риски
risk retention, retention of risk — удержание риска
risk sharing, sharing of risk — разделение риска
diversification of risk, risk diversification — диверсификация риска
admissible [allowed\] risk — допустимый риск
maximum [maximal\] risk — максимальный риск
minimal [minimum\] risk — минимальный риск
negligible risk — пренебрежимо малый риск, незначительный риск
degree of risk, risk degree — степень риска
level of risk, risk level — уровень риска
element of risk, risk element — элемент риска
source of risk, risk source — источник риска
It's not worth the risk. — Это не стоит риска.
See:accounting risk, amount at risk, at risk, at risk rules, basis risk, bond-yield-plus-risk-premium approach, Business Environment Risk Information Index, business risk, buyer's risk, call risk, capital risk, cash flow risk, collection risk, commercial credit risk, concentration risk, country risk, credit risk, currency risk, default risk, delivery risk, earnings-at-risk, event risk, exchange risk, exchange rate risk, export risk, financial credit risk, financial risk, high-risk automobile insurer, high-risk product, inflation risk, interest rate risk, investment risk, legal risk, liability risk, liquidity risk, margin risk, market risk, maturity risk, prepayment risk, price of risk, price risk, producer's risk, property risk, pure risk, regulatory risk, reinvestment rate risk, reinvestment risk, return on risk-adjusted capital, seasonal risk, settlement risk, speculative risk, stand-alone risk, systematic risk, transaction risk, underwriting risk, unlimited risk, unsystematic risk, value-at-risk, vega risk, yield curve risk, risk analysis, risk analyst, risk arbitrage, risk-averse, risk aversion, risk capital, risk investment, risk lover, risk management, risk manager, risk measure, risk-neutral, risk premium, price of risk, risk response planning, risk transfer, risk/return indifference curve, risk/return trade-off, risk-adjusted discount rate, risk-adjusted rate of return, risk-adjusted return, risk-adjusted return on capital, risk-adjusted return on risk-adjusted capital, risk-averse investor, risk-free, risk-free rate, risk-free return, riskless arbitrage, riskless transaction, risk-neutral investor, risk-seeking investor, risk-weighted assets2) общ. риск (как количественная мера вероятности наступления какого-л. неблагоприятного события)See:3) общ. объект риска ( о человеке или предмете)security risk — риск для безопасности, угроза безопасности (о человеке, объекте, действии или состоянии); неблагонадежный человек
See:4)а) страх. риск (событие, в отношении которого заключается договор страхования)Syn:See:insurable risk, covered risk, insured event, all risk insurance, builders risk insurance, war risk insurance, risk retention groupб) страх. застрахованное лицо; застрахованная вещь; риск (лицо или вещь, которые могут пострадать в результате какого-л. события и в отношении которых заключается договор страхования)See:assigned risk plan, preferred risk, standard risk, substandard risk, hard-to-place risk, highly protected risk5) мет. риск (ситуация, когда результат какого-л. экономического выбора имеет случайный характер, но при этом известно вероятностное распределение значений этого результата)See:2. гл.общ. рисковать (чем-л.)to risk one's life [one's health\] — рисковать жизнью [здоровьем\]
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риск: вероятность понести убытки или упустить выгоду (вероятность наступления неблагоприятного события); количественно измеряемая неуверенность в получении соответствующего дохода или убытка; существует множество классификаций рисков: 1) капитальный риск - риск того, что невозврат кредитов ухудшит состояние капитала банка и ему придется выпускать новые акции; 2) кредитный риск, или риск погашения, - риск невозврата кредита, непогашения обязательства; 3) риск поставки - риск непоставки финансового инструмента (иностранной валюты); 4) валютный риск - риск потерь из-за изменения валютного курса; 5) процентный риск - риск уменьшения дохода по активу и роста расходов по обязательству из-за изменения процентных ставок; также риск уменьшения цены облигации с фиксированной ставкой в результате роста рыночных ставок; 6) риск ликвидности - риск нехватки наличности и краткосрочных активов для выполнения обязательств, невозможности быстро купить или продать товар или финансовый инструмент; 7) операционный риск - риск того, что будет нарушена работа операционных систем банка и он не сможет вовремя выполнять обязательства; 8) политический риск - риск того, что политическая нестабильность в стране приведет к невыполнению обязательств по кредитам (если государственных крдитов - "суверенный" риск); также риск национализации и др. неблаго-приятных действий властей; 9) риск платежной системы (системный риск) - риск того, что банкротство или неспособность крупного банка функционировать вызовет цепную реакцию в банковской системе; 10) актуарный риск - риск (вероятность) наступления неблагоприятного события, которое страховая компания покрывает в обмен на стразовую премию; 11) инфляционный риск - риск снижения стоимости активов или доходов в результате общего роста цен в стране; 12) инвентарный риск - риск обесценения запасов компании в результате снижения цен, морального старения товара; 13) риск основной суммы - риск обесценения основной суммы инвестиций; 14) риск андеррайтинга - риск - принимаемый на себя андеррайтером в случае неразмещения новых бумаг среди инвесторов; также риск падения рыночной цены в момент размещения; см. absorbable/ actuarial /basis /capital /commercial /concentration /contagion /country /credit /del credere /delivery /exchange /financial /inflation /insurable /interest rate /inventory /investment risk /limited /liquidity /manufacturing /market /market liquidity /operational /payments system /political /price /pure /refinance /reinvestment /repayment /settlement /sovereign /standard /systematic /systemic /transaction /translation /transfer /underwriting /uninsurable /unlimited /unsystematic /warehouse risk and risk of principal.* * *риск; клиент (страх.). измеримая вероятность потери; . exposure to uncertainty Глоссарий финансовых и биржевых терминов .* * *Финансы/Кредит/Валюта -
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n ком., стр. ризик; рівень ризику; a ризикованийвизначений ступінь можливості економічних або фінансових збитків, що пов'язані з непередбачуваністю, небезпекою, несподіваною подією тощо═════════■═════════abnormal risk надзвичайний ризик; abnormal insurance risk надзвичайний страховий ризик; accident risk ризик нещасного випадку; actual risk фактичний ризик; admissible risk прийнятний ризик; aggregate risk сукупний ризик; allowed risk дозволений ризик; alpha risk альфа-ризик; a posteriori risk апостеріорний ризик • ризик з досвіду; assigned risk встановлений рівень ризику; audit risk ризик аудиторської перевірки; average risk середній рівень ризику; aviation insurance risk страховий авіаційний ризик; beta risk бета-ризик • систематичний ризик; bilateral risk взаємний ризик; blind risk ризик, який не підлягає оцінці; breakage risk ризик поломки; business risk діловий ризик; buyer's risk ризик покупця; calculated risk розрахований ризик; central beta risk центральний бета-ризик; charterer's risk ризик фрахтувальника; collective risk колективний ризик; commercial risk комерційний ризик; company's risk ризик компанії; conditional risk умовний ризик; constant risk постійний ризик; consumer's risk ризик споживача; contractor's risk ризик підрядника; controllable risk контрольований ризик; conventional risk звичайний ризик; credit risk кредитний ризик; currency risk валютний ризик; customary risk звичайний торговельний ризик • ринковий ризик; customer's risk ризик споживача; current risks поточні страхові випадки; death risk ризик смерті; default risk ризик несплати боргу; del credere risk кредитний ризик; desired risk необхідний рівень ризику; diversiflable risk ризик, який можна диверсифікувати; economic risk господарський ризик • економічний ризик; entrepreneurial risk підприємницький ризик; estimated risk оцінка ризику • пробне передбачення ризику; exchange risk валютний ризик; excluded risk виключений ризик; extra risk окремий ризик • додатковий ризик; financial risk фінансовий ризик; fire risk ризик пожежі; foreseeable risk передбачуваний ризик; freight risk фрахтовий ризик; insurable risk ризик, який підлягає страхуванню; insurance risk страховий ризик; insured risk застрахований ризик; integrated risk сукупний ризик; interest rate risk відсотковий ризик; inventory risk ризик знецінення запасів; investment risk інвестиційний ризик; irreparable risk непоправний ризик; leakage risk ризик витікання; legal risk ризик, пов'язаний із порушенням закону; limited risk обмежений ризик • обмежена віповідальність акціонерів; liquidity risk ризик ліквідності; loading risk ризик при навантаженні; manufacturer's risk ризик виробника; manufacturing risk виробничий ризик; marine risk ризик при здійсненні морських перевезень; maritime risk ризик при здійсненні морських перевезень; market risk ризик ринку • ринковий ризик; marketing risk маркетинговий ризик; market liquidity risk ризик ринкової ліквідності; mean risk середній ризик; minimum risk мінімальний ризик; miscellaneous insurance risk різноманітні страхові ризики; moderate risk помірний ризик • зменшений ризик; mortality risk ризик смертності; negligible risk незначний ризик; noncontrollable risk систематичний ризик • ризик, що не піддається контролю; nondiversiflable risk систематичний ризик; noninsurable risk ризик, який не можна застрахувати; noninsured risk незастрахований ризик; non-sampling risk ризик, не врахований методикою вибірки; omnibus risk розподілений ризик; operational risk операційний ризик; overall risk сукупний ризик; overall audit risk узагальнений ризик ревізії; own risk власний ризик; owner's risk ризик власника; percentage risk відносний ризик у відсотках; perceived risk передбачений ризик; policy risk стратегічний ризик; posterior risk пізніший ризик; predetermined risk передбачений рівень ризику; price risk ризик ціни • курсовий ризик; producer's risk ризик виробника; production risk виробничий ризик; project risk ризик проекту; property risk майновий ризик; pure risk чистий ризик; relative risk відносний ризик; residual risk ризик • ризик, що не піддається поясненню; riot risk ризик, пов'язаний з конфліктом і безладдям • ризик бунту; sampling risk ризик вибірки; security risk загроза безпеці • ризик, пов'язаний з порушенням техніки безпеки; seller's risk ризик продавця; settlement risk ризик за розрахунками; shipper's risk ризик при розвантаженні; social risk соціальний ризик; special risk спеціальний ризик • окремий ризик; speculative risk спекулятивний ризик; standard risk нормальний ризик • стандартний ризик; systematic risk систематичний ризик; tenant's risk ризик орендаря; tolerated risk дозволений ризик; total risk сумарний ризик; transaction risk операційний валютний ризик; transport risk транспортний ризик; underwriting risk гарантійний ризик; undesirable risk небажаний ризик; un-diversifiable risk систематичний ризик; undue risk невиправданий ризик; unilateral risk односторонній ризик; uninsurable risk ризик, який не можна застрахувати; uninsured risk незастрахований ризик; unique risk незвичайний ризик • унікальний ризик; unloading risk ризик при розвантаженні; usual risk звичайний ризик; variable risk змінний ризик; vendor's risk ризик постачальника═════════□═════════against all risks проти всіх ризиків; at risk пов'язано з ризиком; at consignee's risk на ризик товароодержувача; at owner's risk на ризик власника; risk amount ризикована сума; risk analysis аналіз ризику; risks and perils of the sea ризик і небезпека морських перевезень; risk and uncertainty ризик і невизначеність; risk arbitrage арбітраж ризику; risk assessment процес оцінки ризику; risk-assuming capital ризиковий капітал; risk assurance страхування від ризику; risk aversion несхильність до ризику; risk-bearing пов'язаний з ризиком; risk-bearing capital ризиковий капітал; risk-bearing deposit ризиковий депозит; risk capital ризиковий капітал • капітал, що вкладається у ризиковане підприємство; risk category категорія ризику; risk control контроль ризику; risk control system система контролю ризику; risk cover перелік ризиків, охоплених страховим полісом; risk development зміна ризику; risk diversification диверсифікація ризиків; risk element involved врахований елемент ризику; risk equalization fund фонд вирівнювання ризику; risk evaluation оцінка ризику; risk-free rate безризикова відсоткова ставка; risk for own account ризик на власну відповідальність; risk hedging мінімізація ризику • хеджування ризику; risk insurance страхування ризику; risk insured застрахований ризик; risk management управління ризиком; risk measurement вимірювання ризику; risk of accidental loss of goods ризик випадкової втрати товару; risk of breakage ризик поломки; risk of carriage транспортний ризик; risk of collision ризик зіткнення; risk of contamination ризик забруднення; risk of conveyance транспортний ризик; risk of currency depreciation ризик знецінення валюти; risk of damage to goods ризик ушкодження товару; risk of default ризик невиконання зобов'язань; risk of default on payment for received goods ризик несплати за отриманий товар; risk of error ризик помилки; risk of exchange losses валютний ризик; risk of fire ризик пожежі; risk of leakage ризик витікання; risk of loss ризик втрати • ризик збуту; risk of miscalculation ризик прорахунку; risk of misinterpretation ризик неправильного тлумачення; risk of moisture ризик псування від вологи; risk of nonpayment ризик неплатежу; risk of principal ризик зниження вартості вкладеного капіталу; risk of seizure ризик захоплення вантажу; risk of theft ризик крадіжки; risk point точка ризику; risk premium премія за ризик; risk profile характеристика ризику; risk-prone схильний до ризику; risk quantification кількісний вираз ризику; risk-taking прийняття ризику; risk-weighted assets активи, зважені щодо ризику; risk-weighted capital requirements вимоги до капіталу, зваженого щодо ризику; risk weighting оцінка ризику; to accept a risk брати/взяти на себе ризик; to aggravate the risk збільшувати/збільшити ризик; to assess a risk оцінювати/оцінити ризик; to be a good risk бути надійним об'єктом страхування; to be a good credit risk бути надійним партнером • бути надійним компаньйоном • бути надійним учасником; to bear a risk нести ризик; to carry a risk нести ризик; to cover a risk покривати/покрити ризик страхуванням; to incur a risk брати/взяти на себе ризик; to insure a risk страхувати/застрахувати ризик; to insure against a risk страхувати/застрахувати від ризику; to lessen a risk зменшувати/ зменшити ризик; to prevent a risk запобігати/запобігти ризику; to reduce a risk зменшувати/зменшити ризик; to run a risk підлягати ризикові • підпадати/підпасти під ризик; to spread a risk розподіляти/розподілити ризик; to take a risk брати/взяти на себе ризик; to undertake a risk переймати/перейняти ризик • брати/взяти на себе ризик; to underwrite a risk підписувати/підписати поліс морського страхуванняrisk — ризико (зах. укр., діас.)═════════◇═════════ризик < фр. risque — можлива загроза < італ. risico; пор. ризико (зах. укр.) з італ. risico і польс. rysyko (ЕС-СУМ 4: 171; Фасмер 3: 485)* * *клієнт (страх.); ризик -
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1. n рискthird party risk — риск, которому подвергается третье лицо
2. n опасность, угроза3. n объект риска4. n страховая сумма5. n застрахованное лицо; застрахованная вещьperson being of high risk — лицо, представляющее большую опасность
6. v рисковатьrun a risk — рисковать; рискнуть
taking the risk — рискующий; риск
7. v отваживатьсяСинонимический ряд:1. chance (noun) chance; gamble; hazard2. danger (noun) chance; danger; dangerous chance; endangerment; gamble; hazard; imperilment; jeopardy; peril; uncertainty; venture3. endanger (verb) compromise; endanger; imperil; jeopard; jeopardize; jeopardy; menace; peril4. gamble (verb) adventure; chance; dare; gamble; hazard; jeopardise; speculate; venture5. go (verb) bet; go; lay; set; stake; wagerАнтонимический ряд:guarantee; insure; security -
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rɪsk
1. сущ. опасность, риск, угроза at one's own risk ≈ на свой страх и риск at owner's risk коммерч. ≈ на риск владельца, под ответственность владельца at the risk of being ridiculed ≈ рискуя быть осмеянным at the risk of one's life ≈ рискуя жизнью to assume, incur, face a risk ≈ рисковать, подвергаться риску to run the risk of being outvoted ≈ рисковать на выборах to take a calculated risk ≈ идти на обдуманный риск to take, run risks ≈ рисковать It was a risk to enter that area. ≈ Было опасно появляться в этом районе. He is a security risk. ≈ Он неблагонадежный человек. The advantages outweigh the risks. ≈ Преимущества перевешивают риск. calculated risk grave risk great risk high risk low risk security risk Syn: danger
2. гл.
1) рисковать (чем-л.) to risk one's health ≈ рисковать здоровьем He risked $50 on the horse race and lost it all. ≈ Он поставил 50 долларов на скачках и проиграл. She risked losing everything. ≈ Она рисковала потерять все.
2) отваживаться( на что-л.) to risk a stab in the back ≈ подставлять спину под удар risk failure Syn: venture риск - * appraisal /analysis/ оценка степени риска - * assets неликвидные активы - let's try, it's not much of a * попробуем, риск невелик - there is no * of your catching cold вы не рискуете простудится - to run a /the/ *, to take *s рисковать - I'll take the * я рискну - at one's own * на свой страх и риск - at the * of one's life рискуя жизнью - at owner's * (коммерческое) на риск владельца - it was a * of a thousand to one in my favour мои шансы составляли девятьсот девяносто девять из тысячи опасность, угроза - fire * пожарная опасность - to reduce the * of outbreak of nuclear war уменьшить опасность возникновения ядерной войны - at * в опасности, под ударом - that policy is now at * эта политика находится сейчас под угрозой объект риска( о человеке) - poor * ненадежный человек - good * человек, на которого можно положиться /делать ставку и т. п./ - security * неблагонадежный человек страховая сумма застрахованное лицо;
застрахованная вещь рисковать (чем-л.) - to * one's life рисковать жизнью - I'd * my life on his honesty за его порядочность я ручаюсь головой отваживаться (на что-л.) - to * a battle отваживаться на битву - I can't * failure я не могу идти на (заведомый) провал - he *ed breaking his neck он чуть не сломал шею, он вполне мог сломать шею abnormal ~ чрезвычайный страховой риск accident ~ вероятность наступления несчастного случая accident ~ риск несчастного случая accident ~ риск случайности accumulation ~ страх. кумулирующийся риск accumulation ~ суммарный риск asset price ~ курсовой риск активов assume a ~ брать на себя риск ~ риск;
at one's own risk на свой страх и риск;
at the risk of one's life рискуя жизнью at one's own ~ на собственный риск to take (или to run) ~s рисковать;
at owner's risk ком. на риск владельца ~ риск;
at one's own risk на свой страх и риск;
at the risk of one's life рискуя жизнью at your own ~ на ваш собственный риск audit ~ страховой риск ревизии aviation ~ авиационный страховой риск basic ~ базисный риск basis ~ основной риск carry a ~ рисковать catastrophe ~ страх. риск катастрофы civil ~ гражданский риск collection ~ риск при инкассировании commercial ~ коммерческий риск constant ~ постоянный риск contractor's ~ риск подрядчика contractual ~ договорный риск conversion ~ риск конверсии country ~ риск при ведении дел с данным государством craft ~ риск во время доставки груза на портовых плавучих средствах credit ~ кредитный риск credit ~ риск неплатежа по кредиту currency ~ валютный риск death ~ страх. риск смерти default ~ риск невыполнения обязательств delinquency ~ риск просрочки платежа distribute the ~ распределять риск domestic ~ страх. риск на внутреннем рынке entail ~ быть рискованным entail ~ быть связанным с риском entrepreneurial ~ риск предпринимателя environmental ~ экологический риск event ~ риск происшествия exceptional ~ страх. исключительный риск exchange rate ~ валютный риск exchange ~ валютный риск exchange ~ риск валютной операции fire ~ риск пожара flight ~ риск воздушной перевозки flying ~ риск полета funding ~ риск при консолидировании долга impaired ~ ослабленный риск impaired ~ уменьшенный риск incur a ~ подвергаться риску industrial ~ производственный риск industrial ~ риск предпринимателя insurable ~ риск, могущий быть застрахованным interest rate ~ процентный риск investment ~ инвестиционный риск liability for ~ ответственность за риск liquidity ~ риск ликвидности loss ~ риск потери mismatch ~ риск расхождения в сроках уплаты процентов по активам и пассивам mortality ~ риск смертности negligible ~ пренебрежимо малый риск neighbouring ~ сопутствующий риск nondomestic ~ небытовой страховой риск nonpayment ~ риск неплатежа nuclear radiation ~ риск радиоактивного облучения nuclear ~ риск радиоактивного облучения off-balance sheet ~ внебалансовый риск operational ~ производственный риск own ~ собственный риск political ~ политический риск price ~ ценовой риск risk вероятность ~ возможность ~ застрахованная вещь ~ застрахованное лицо ~ опасность ~ отваживаться (на что-л.) ;
to risk failure не бояться поражения;
to risk a stab in the back подставлять спину под удар ~ ответственность страховщика ~ риск;
at one's own risk на свой страх и риск;
at the risk of one's life рискуя жизнью ~ риск ~ рисковать (чем-л.) ;
to risk one's health рисковать здоровьем ~ рисковать ~ степень неопределенности ~ страховая сумма ~ страховой риск ~ отваживаться (на что-л.) ;
to risk failure не бояться поражения;
to risk a stab in the back подставлять спину под удар ~ отваживаться (на что-л.) ;
to risk failure не бояться поражения;
to risk a stab in the back подставлять спину под удар ~ for own account риск на собственной ответственности ~ of contamination риск загрязнения ~ of default риск невыполнения обязательств ~ of loss риск потери ~ of the budget's running out of control риск потери контроля над сметой ~ of theft риск кражи ~ рисковать (чем-л.) ;
to risk one's health рисковать здоровьем ~ passes to риск переходит к road ~ риск при дорожном движении rubbing-off ~ риск истирания sea ~ морской риск selected ~ выборочный риск settlement ~ расчетный риск simple ~ простой риск social ~ социальный риск sovereign ~ риск, связанный с кредитом иностранному правительству special ~ особый риск spread the ~ распределять риск storage ~ риск при хранении substandard ~ риск ниже нормального to take (или to run) ~s рисковать;
at owner's risk ком. на риск владельца theft ~ риск кражи trade ~ торговый риск transfer ~ трансфертный риск transport ~ риск при транспортировке traveller's ~ риск путешественника undesirable ~ нежелательный риск uninsurable ~ риск, не подлежащий страхованию variable ~ переменный риск vicinity ~ риск соседства voyage ~ риск путешествия -
7 near cash
!гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:"consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;" "the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;" "strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and"the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:"the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and"the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)"Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and"Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.More information about DEL and AME is set out below.In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets."Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest."Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:"Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and"The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:"provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;" "enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;" "introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and"not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:"an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;" "an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;" "to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with"further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.This document was updated on 19 December 2005.Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————"GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money"————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.———————————————————————————————————————— -
8 customer
сущ.1) марк. = consumer 1),ATTRIBUTES: average 2. 2), commercial 1. 1), core 2. 1), current 2. 2), dependable 2. 2), direct 1. 3), distant 1. 1), end 1. 1), external 1. 3), final 1. 3), industrial 1. 1), internal 1. 3), key 2. 1), loyal 1. 1), major 1. 2), potential 2. 1), profitable 1. 1), prospective 2. 2), regular 1. 2), repeat 3. 2), target 3. 2)
foreign ( international) customer — зарубежный клиент, международный клиент
customer-oriented approach — подход, ориентированный на потребителя
customer-oriented pricing — ценообразование, ориентированное на потребителя
Her best customer of wine, olive oil and tobacco was Germany. — Ее лучшим покупателем вина, оливкового масла и табака была Германия.
vendor’s customer — клиент продавца
cash-cow customer — "дойный" клиент
credit card customer — клиент, расплачивающийся кредитной картой
to lose a customer — потерять клиента [покупателя\]
to service [to serve\] customers — обслуживать покупателей [клиентов\]
Ant:higher-priority customer 1), lower-priority customer, customer loop 1), customers flow 2) queueing theorySee:advertising customer, average customer, business customer, cash customer, charge-account customer, cloning customers, commercial customer, core customer, credit customer, current customer, defaulting customer, dependable customer, direct customer, distant customer, end customer, established customer, exacting customer, external customer, final customer, first time customer, first-class customer, government customer, higher-priority customer 2), high-priority customer, impatient customer, industrial customer, institutional customer, internal customer, key customer, long-standing customer, lost customer, loyal customer, major customer, manufacturer's customer, marginal customer, minor customer, non-preferred customer, patient customer, potential customer, preferential customer, preferred customer, premium customer, primary customer, private label customer, profitable customer, prospective customer, registered customer, regular customer, repeat customer, residential customer, retail customer, return customer, secondary customer, separate customer, target customer, ultimate customer, wholesale customer, would-be customer, customer acceptance, customer account, customer accounting, customer advice, customer affairs, customer appeal, customer attitude, customer base, customer behaviour, customer benefit, customer bias, customer category, customer cloning, customer coalition, customer complaint, customer confusion, customer conviction, customer data, customer delight, customer demand, customer departmentalization, customer discrimination, customer dissatisfaction, customer engineer, customer environment, customer evaluation, customer excellence, customer feedback, customer file, customer flow, customer goodwill, customer group, customer information, customer inquiry, customer involvement, customer journal, customer knowledge, customer ledger, customer list, customer location, customer loop 2), customer loyalty, customer management, customer market, customer mix, customer perception, customer perspective, customer preferences, customer profile, customer profitability analysis, customer quality, customer rate, customer relations, customer relationships, customer research, customer response time, customer retention, customer satisfaction, customer segment, customer service, customer size, customer specialization, customer support, customer survey, customer targeting, customer transaction, customer value, customer's account, customer's man, customer's needs, customer's specifications, customers cloning, customers flow 1) create customers, support customers, class of customer, assignment of customers, at the customer's option, business to customer, business-to-customer, circle of customers, class of customer, cloning of customers, customer in service, customer of long standing, know your customer, receivables from customers, voice of the customer, American Customer Satisfaction Index, customer assurance program, customer buying process, customer credit risk, customer financing risk, customer holdover effect, customer's loan consent, customer's net debit balance, Healthcare Customer Service Associate, Know Your Customer Rule2) ТМО клиент, абонент, объект (люди, блоки данных, задания, требования, процессы, сообщения, программы, вызовы, стоящие в очереди на обслуживание к компонентам системы обслуживания; напр., касса, узел коммутации, процессор, программа)See:higher-priority customer 1), lower-priority customer, customer loop 1), customers flow 2) queueing theory
* * *
клиент: лицо, которое приобретает товары или услуги, берет что-либо в аренду (особенно на регулярной основе).* * *. . Словарь экономических терминов .* * *покупатель; заказчик -
9 discount
1. сущ.1)а) торг. скидка (с цены), ценовая скидка (денежная сумма или процент, на который поставщик снижает стандартную цену товара или услуги; напр., снижение стандартной цены товара в рамках кампании по стимулированию сбыта или снижение прейскурантной цены в качестве вознаграждения за быстрый или наличный платеж, за покупку в большом количестве и т. п.; также снижение стандартного тарифа на услуги для клиентов, удовлетворяющих определенным требованиям, напр., уменьшение величины страховой премии в связи с особенностями данного риска, отсутствием аварий или других страховых случаев в течение определенного времени, либо уменьшение стоимости туристической путевки при приобретении общей путевки для группы лиц и т. п.)ATTRIBUTES:
cumulative 2), aggregate 2)
one-time discount — единовременная [разовая\] скидка
COMBS:
discount in the amount of— скидка в сумме
At the purchase of 6-10 titles you will obtain the discount in the amount of 5%.
discount of $125, $125 discount — скидка в размере 125 долл.
10% discount, discount of 10% — скидка в размере 10%, десятипроцентная скидка
1% discount for cash — скидка 1% за расчет наличными
15% discount for quantity purchases — 15-процентная скидка за покупку в большом количестве
less discount of 5% — со сидкой в 5%, за вычетом 5%
A discount of up to 40% may apply to Physical Damage Coverage for your boat, if the boat is less than 11 years old.
a discount of 10 to 40 percent — скидка (в размере) от 10% до 40%
a discount (of) between 10% and 20% — скидка (в размере) от 10% до 20%, скидка между 10% и 20%
discount on [below, to, off, from\] — скидка с (цены, тарифной ставки)
50% discount below the normal retail price — 50% скидка с обычной розничной цены
You can get 50% discount off the regular ticket price!
Click here to order this book at a discount from the regular list price.
discount on (smth.) — скидка на (что-л.)
Members will receive special discounts on all products. — Участники получат специальные скидки на все товары.
special discount to students, special students discounts — специальные скидки для студентов, специальные скидки студентам, специальные студенческие скидки
50% discount for children under 12 — 50% скидка для детей в возрасте до 12 лет
to give [to grant, to allow\] a discount — предоставить скидку
Discounts are given for quantity purchases.
First, they commit all participants to grant discounts of the same type to buyers who meet the same conditions of eligibility.
The producer usually establishes a list price and then allows discounts from it to various types of intermediate customers.
Later in the century, as competition for customers increased, some booksellers offered discounts of 20 percent and more.
to get [to receive, to obtain\] a discount — получить скидку
Club members get special discount off the normal rates. — Члены клуба получают специальную скидку с обычных тарифов.
He received cash discount of 3%. — Он получил скидку в размере 3% за оплату наличными.
to earn a discount — получить [заслужить, заработать\] скидку
When purchases must be placed within a specified period to earn a discount, the prospective contractor must indicate the required time period.
Those who purchase for cash are allowed a discount of 2%, while those who pay within one month can claim a discount of 1%.
to ask for a discount — просить [требовать\] скидку, обращаться за скидкой
If you're going to pay cash, ask for a discount.
It could be very useful to be able to negotiate a discount for cash if you are buying luxury items like a fur coat or an expensive piece of jewellery.
Large volume orders may be subject to a discount. — Крупные заказы могут подлежать скидке. [По крупным заказам может предоставляться скидка.\]
to qualify for a discount — иметь право на скидку; получить право на скидку; давать право на скидку
To qualify for discount all orders must be received by 30th June. — Чтобы иметь право на скидку, все заказы должны быть получены до 30 июня.
to be eligible for [to be entitled to\] a discount — иметь право на скидку
Find out if you are entitled to a discount. — Выясните, имеете ли вы право на скидку.
to lose a discount — терять скидку, терять право на скидку
This means that you can make 1 claim in any year or 2 claims in any 3-year period, and you won't lose the discount earned for your previous years of safe driving. — Это означает, что вы можете предъявить одно требование в течение любого года или два требования в течение любого трехлетнего периода, и вы не потеряете скидку, заработанную за предыдущие года безопасного вождения.
To find the sale price of the item, you calculate the discount and subtract the discount from the original price.
to reduce/to increase discount — уменьшать/увеличивать скидку
ThyssenKrupp Nirosta reduces cash discount.
Under the Local Government Act 2003, all District Councils have been allowed to reduce their Council Tax discount on second homes from 50% to 10%.
American Airlines also has increased its discount from 21 percent to 22 percent on all domestic fares and international full fares.
They've increased the tax discount on the house.
Syn:Ant:See:advertising discount, aggregated discount, bulk discount а), bulk purchase discount, cash discount, chain discount, commercial discount, cumulative discount, deep discount 2) а), deferred discount, discount allowed, discount earned, discount for cash, discount for cash payment, discount for early payment, discount for paying cash, discount for prompt payment, discount for quantity, discount for quantity purchases, discount from price, discount on price, discount received, discounts lost, early payment discount, functional discount, group discount 1) а), insurance discount, insurance premium discount, invoice discount 1) а), long discount, lost discounts, loyalty discount, net name discount, noncumulative discount, off-invoice discount, patronage discount, premium discount, prepayment discount, price discount а), prompt payment discount, purchase discount, quantity discount, quantity purchase discount, renewal discount, retail discount, retro discount, retrodiscount, retrospective discount, sales discount, series discount 1) а), short discount, special discount, staff discount, trade discount, trade-in discount, unearned discount а), volume discount, wholesale discount, amount of discount, discount amount а), discount broker а), discount brokerage, discount card, discount chain, discount coupon, discount drugstore, discount fare, discount goods, discount house 2) а), discount loss, discount market 2) а), discount merchandiser, discount period 1) а), discount policy 1) а), discount price, discount pricing, discount retailer, discount retailing, discount sale, discount scale, discount series, discount schedule, discount store, discount supermarket, discount table, discount terms, percentage of discount, scale of discounts, table of discounts, allowance 1. 3) discounted price а), discounted goods, premium price а), trade credit, EOM, ROG, discounter б), discountable 2) б), regular price, list price, off-price product, at a discount 1) а) IDIOM: five-finger discountб) фин., бирж. дисконт (сумма, на которую номинал или цена погашения ценной бумаги больше цены ее первоначального размещения или текущей рыночной цены)ATTRIBUTES:
accrued 2), amortizable 2) б)
deep discount — глубокий дисконт, значительный дисконт*
COMBS:
discount in the amount of— дисконт в сумме
discount of $125, $125 discount — дисконт в размере 125 долл.
As a result, X treats the loan as having original issue discount in the amount of $130000.
10% discount, discount of 10% — дисконт в размере 10%, десятипроцентный дисконт
For example, if a $1000 par bond was bought at a discount of $900, at maturity there would be a $100 gain.
a discount of 10 to 40 percent — дисконт (в размере) от 10% до 40%
a discount (of) between 10% and 20% — скидка (в размере) от 10% до 20%, скидка между 10% и 20%
discount on [below, to, off, from\] — дисконт к (цене, номиналу), дисконт с [от\] (цены, номинала)
Coupons are sold at a discount to maturity value.
The Company amortizes any discount or premium as part of interest expense on the related debt using the effective interest method.
Although the issuer will calculate original issue discount, if any, based on its determination of the accrual periods, a bondholder may, subject to some restrictions, elect other accrual periods.
All taxable discount securities, including Corporate and Government Bonds, Federal STRIPs, Eurobonds, and Taxable Municipal securities.
Ant:See:accrued discount, acquisition discount а), amortized discount, bond discount, debt discount, deep discount 1) а), discount from price, discount on price, Discount on Notes Payable, Discount on Notes Receivable, market discount а), original issue discount, price discount 1) б), share discount, unamortized discount, accretion of discount, accrual of discount, accumulation of discount, amortization of discount, amount of discount, discount accretion, discount amortization, discount amount б), discount bond, discount percentage 1) б), discount price, discount securities, discount yield, percentage of discount, discounted price б) premium price б) at a discount 1) б)в) фин., банк. дисконт, скидка (разница между номиналом векселя и суммой, получаемой векселедержателем при учете векселя до наступления срока его погашения)See:bank discount а), banker's discount, amount of discount, discount amount в), discount basis, discount interest rate, discount market 1) в), discount percentage 2) в), discount policy 2) в), discount rate 1) а), 1) б), discount rate of interest, percentage of discount, rate of discount, discounting 1)г) фин., бирж. дисконт, скидка (отклонение в меньшую сторону от официального курса валюты, т. е. ситуация, когда цена одной валюты занижена по отношению к цене другой валюты, напр., франк может продаваться со скидкой к фунту)д) фин., банк. дисконт (разница между базовой согласованной суммой кредита и суммой, фактически получаемой заемщиком; в обычных дисконтных кредитах соответствует величине процентов, подлежащих уплате по кредиту; в некоторых кредитах из базовой суммы кредита могут вычитаться дисконтные пункты или другие единовременные вознаграждения и комиссионные, причитающиеся кредитору)See:е) фин. дисконт, скидка (при оценке стоимости предприятия или крупных пакетов акций: разница, на которую фактически согласованная цена предприятия/пакета акций меньше базовой рыночной цены; такой дисконт может использоваться в качестве компенсации за узость вторичного рынка для акций, недостаточный размер продаваемого пакета акций для приобретения контроля за предприятием и т. п.)See:discount for lack of control, discount for lack of marketability, key person discount, lack of control discount, lack of marketability discount, marketability discount, minority discount, minority interest discountж) фин. скидка, дисконт (в самом общем смысле: сумма, на которую уменьшена базовая стоимость или другая базовая величина)Ant:See:acquisition discount б), compound discount, forward discount, interest discount, interest rate discount, loan discount 1) б), 2) б), merchant discount, reinvestment discount, tax discount, underwriter's discount, discount fee 1), 2), discount interest rate, discount mortgage, discount points, discount rate 1) в), 1) г), discount rate of interest, merchant discount fee, rate of discount, discounted mortgage, at a discount 2)2) банк., фин. учет, операция по учету [по дисконту\] (операция, в ходе которой банк или другое финансовое учреждение выкупает вексель или иное долговое обязательство у его держателя по цене, равной номиналу долгового обязательства за вычетом вознаграждения за оставшийся до погашения срок, напр., вексель с номиналом в 100 долл. может продаваться за 90 долл.; впоследствии банк взыскивает полную номинальную стоимость долгового обязательства с лица, выписавшего это долговое обязательство)Syn:discounting 1)See:invoice discount 2) discount broker б), discount credit, discount factoring, discount fee 3) б), discount house 1) б), discount market 1) б), discount period 2) б), discount window, discounter а), discountability, discountable 1) а), bill broker, rediscount 1.3) фин. дисконтирование (определение текущей стоимости актива или текущей стоимости будущих потоков доходов и расходов)Syn:discounting 2)See:discount coefficient, discount factor, discount interest rate, discount rate 2), discount rate of interest, dividend discount model, rate of discount4)а) торг. процент скидки (величина скидки, выраженная в процентах к цене)Syn:б) фин. учетная ставка; ставка дисконта [дисконтирования\]Syn:discount rate 1) а), 1) а), 2) а)See:2. гл.1) торг. предоставлять [делать\] скидку, снижать цену (уменьшать обычную прейскурантную цену для покупателя, приобретающего значительное количество товара, рассчитывающегося наличными и т. п.); продавать со скидкой (уценивать товары, уменьшать цену продаваемых товаров)The shop discounted goods. — Магазин сделал скидку на товары.
to discount from [off\] price — сделать скидку с цены
to discount (by) 10% — делать скидку в размере 10%
Companies discount their goods by 10%-75% only to sell more volume. — Компании предоставляют скидку на свои товары в размере 10-75% [компании снижают цену своих товаров на 10-75%\] только для того, чтобы увеличить объем продаж.
If an item has not sold within two weeks the store discounts the item by 25% for the third week, 50% for the fourth week, and 75% for the fifth week. — Если предмет не продается в течении двух недель, то в течение третьей недели предмет предлагается со скидкой в 25%, в течение четвертой — со скидкой 50%, а в течение пятой — со скидкой 75%.
All items were discounted about 20% from the suggested list prices. — Цена всех товаров была снижена на 20% по сравнению с рекомендованной прейскурантной ценой.
The company discounted prices on its products. — Компания сделала скидку с цены на свои товары.
United discounts the fare by 50%. — "Юнайтед" делает скидку с тарифа в размере 50%.
The one-way fares are now discounted 15% off regular fares. — Стоимость проезда в один конец в настоящее время снижена на 15% по сравнению с обычными тарифами.
This interest rate is discounted from the published bank standard variable rate for an agreed period from the start of the mortgage. — Эта процентная ставка снижена по сравнению с опубликованной стандартной плавающей процентной ставкой банка на оговоренный период, считая от начала действия ипотечного кредита.
discounted mortgage — ипотека с дисконтом*, дисконтная ипотека*
discounted period — период скидки [скидок\]*, период действия скидки*
discounted price — цена со скидкой [с дисконтом\], дисконтная цена
See:discount period 1) б), discounted bond, discounted goods, discounted mortgage, discounted period, discounted price, discounter б), discountable 2) б), non-discountable, undiscounted 1) а), 1) б), discounting 3) б)2) фин., банк. учитыватьа) (приобретать векселя или счета-фактуры по цене ниже их номинала, т. е. с дисконтом, с целью последующего взыскания суммы долга с должника)to discount at the rate of 10% — учитывать по ставке 10%
In the same way, circumstances often forced discount houses themselves to discount fine trade bills at the rate for fine bank bills. — Точно также, обстоятельства часто вынуждают сами дисконтные дома учитывать первоклассные торговые векселя по ставке, установленной для первоклассных банковских векселей.
The Federal Reserve was given the right to discount “eligible paper” for member banks, that is lend money to the banks on the basis of the commercial paper arising from loan transactions with their customers. — Федеральной резервной системе было предоставлено право учитывать "приемлемые бумаги" для банков-членов, т. е. давать банкам деньги взаймы на базе коммерческих бумаг, возникающих в связи с кредитными операциями с их клиентами.
б) (продавать векселя или счета-фактуры по цене ниже их номинала специализированному финансовому учреждению)to discount the note at 10% — учитывать долговое обязательство под 10%
The company discounted the note at a bank at 10%. — Компания учла долговое обязательство в банке под 10%.
If the vendor receives a note, he may discount it at the bank. — Если торговец получает простой вексель, он может учесть его в банке.
to get a bill discounted — учесть вексель, произвести учет векселя
See:accounts receivable discounted, discounted bill, discounting 1), discountability, discountable 1), discounter 1) а), rediscount 2. 1) а)3) фин., банк. предоставлять дисконтный заем* (получать проценты вперед при даче денег взаймы, т. е. выдавать заемщику не полную оговоренную сумму кредита, а ее часть, оставшуюся после вычета определенного дисконта, и взамен сокращать или аннулировать процентную ставку на весь или часть срока кредита; употребляется всегда с дополнением в виде названия кредита)to discount the loan — предоставлять дисконтный заем, делать заем дисконтным
Negotiate the terms of the loan ( amount, interest rates) first and then lender discounts the loan by charging a fee which will be deducted from the loan amount before being dispersed to the borrower. — Договоритесь об условиях кредитования (сумма, процентные ставки) и потом кредитор сделает заем дисконтным путем взимания платы, которая будет вычтена из суммы займа перед выдачей заемщику.
See:4) фин. дисконтировать ( приводить будущие значения экономических показателей к текущей стоимости)to discount at a rate of 10% — дисконтировать по ставке 10%
Discount future cash flows to the present using the firm's cost of capital. — Приведите будущие денежные потоки к текущей стоимости, используя стоимость капитала фирмы.
To adjust for the time value of money, we discounted future costs to present value. — Чтобы осуществить корректировку на временную стоимость денег, мы привели будущие затраты к текущей стоимости.
We discount future cash flows by an interest rate that has been adjusted for risk. — Мы дисконтируем будущие денежные потоки, используя процентную ставку, скорректированную на риск.
The taxpayer must continue to discount the unpaid losses attributable to proportional reinsurance from pre-1988 accident years using the discount factors that were used in determining tax reserves for the 1987 tax year. — Налогоплательщик должен продолжать дисконтировать неоплаченные убытки, относящиеся к пропорциональному перестрахованию за годы убытка, предшествующие 1988 г., используя коэффициенты дисконтирования, которые применялись при определении налоговых резервов на 1987 налоговый год.
When comparing projects with different risk levels, it is best to discount each project's cash flows at its own discount rate and then compare the NPVs. — При сравнении проектов с разным уровнем риска, лучше всего произвести дисконтирование [продисконтировать\] денежные потоки каждого проекта по своей собственной ставке дисконтирования и затем сравнить чистую приведенную стоимость.
discounted cash flow — дисконтированный [приведенный\] денежный поток
discounted payback period — дисконтированный срок [период\] окупаемости
See:discounted cash flow, discounted game, discounted payback, discounted payback period, discounted present value, discounted value, present discounted value, discounting 2), discount rate 2), present value, discounted future earnings method, discounting 2), undiscounted 2)5) общ. не принимать в расчет, игнорировать, пропускать, опускать; относиться скептически, не принимать на веру, сомневаться в правдивостиto discount smb's opinion — игнорировать чье-л. мнение
They discount my opinion. — Они не принимают в расчет мое мнение.
We had already discounted the theory that they were involved. — Мы уже оставили идею об их причастности.
By stressing one factor, each theory discounts the others. — Выделяя один фактор, каждая теория оставляет без внимания остальные.
Democratic theory discounts the notion that allocation of scarce resources is the result of natural forces. — Демократическая теория игнорирует представление о том, что распределение редких ресурсов является результатом действия естественных сил.
Knowing his political bias they discounted most of his story. — Зная о его политических пристрастиях, они сомневались в правдивости большей части его истории.
Many people discount the value of statistical analysis. — Многие люди недооценивают статистический анализ.
6) бирж. учитывать* (обычно используется в биржевом контексте, указывая на то, что плохие или хорошие новости о компании-эмитенте, отдельной отрасли, экономике в целом либо ожидания получения таких новостей учитываются участниками рынка при определении курсов ценных бумаг, вызывая соответственно понижение или повышение курсов)Many traders don't realize the news they hear and read has, in many cases, already been discounted by the market. — Многие трейдеры не осознают, что новости, о которых они услышали или прочитали, уже были учтены рынком.
Technology stocks discounted a lot of bad news from abroad. — Акции технологических компаний отреагировали на обилие плохих новостей из-за границы.
The bear market ends when at least most of the bad news is finally discounted by the market. — "Медвежий" рынок заканчивается, когда, по крайней мере, большая часть из плохих новостей наконец учитывается рынком.
In the United States, the stock market double discounts expected inflation, first through long term bond yields and second through relative stock prices. — В Соединенных Штатах, фондовый рынок дважды учитывает ожидаемую инфляцию, во-первых, в доходности долгосрочных облигаций, а во-вторых, в ценах на соответствующие акции.
These stock prices are discounting anticipated massive increases in profits for the S&P 500 companies in the future. — Цены акций учитывают ожидаемый в будущем массовый рост прибылей компаний, включаемых в расчет индекса "Стандард энд Пурз 500".
Today’s prices are discounting all future events, not only today’s news. — Сегодняшние цены учитывают все будущие события, а не только сегодняшние новости.
See:
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discount (Dis; Disct) 1) дисконт, скидка: разница между ценой эмиссии ценной бумаги или кредита (номиналом или ценой погашения) и ее текущей рыночной ценой или разница между наличным и срочным валютными курсами; 2) учет векселей: операция купли-продажи векселей по номиналу минус вознаграждение за оставшийся до погашения срок (напр., вексель с номиналом в 100 долл. продается за 90 долл.); 3) скидка с цены товара (или возврат, напр., в качестве вознаграждения за быстрый или наличный платеж); см. cash discount; 4) учет информации об определенном событии в движении цен, ставок, в т. ч. до его наступления; 5) соотношение между двумя валютами; напр., франк может продаваться со скидкой к фунту; 6) определить текущую стоимость актива, который имеет определенную стоимость на определенную дату в будущем.* * *вычет (процентов); дисконт; скидка; учет (векселя), учетный процент. Относится к цене продажи облигации. Цена ниже номинальной стоимости. См. также Premium (премия) . (1) The amount a price would be reduced to purchase a commodity of lesser grade; (2) sometimes used to refer to the price differences between futures of different delivery months, as in the phrase "July is trading at a discount to May," indicating that the price of the July future is lower than that of May; (3) applied to cash grain prices that are below the futures price. Словарь экономических терминов .* * *особое условие договора купли-продажи, определяющее размер снижения (уменьшения) исходной (базисной) цены сделки-----Финансы/Кредит/Валюта1. учет векселя2. процент, взимаемый банками при учете векселей3. скидка с цены валюты в валютных сделках -
10 market
1. сущ.1) эк. рынок; базар (специальное место, где осуществляется торговля)COMBS:
It is cheaper to buy vegetables from the market than from a shop. — Овощи дешевле покупать на рынке, чем в магазине.
Syn:marketplace 1), bazaar 1)See:2) эк. рынок (совокупность продавцов и покупателей какого-л. товара)to place [to put\] goods on the market, to bring goods to market — предлагать товар к продаже
In 1930 the first home laundry machine and refrigerator were put on the market. — В 1930 г. на рынке появилась первая бытовая стиральная машина и холодильник.
ATTRIBUTES [structure\]: actual 1. 1), auction 1. 1), call 1. 1), n6б, captive 1. 1), n4, classical 1. 3), concentrated 1. 1) а), continuous 1. 1) а), first 2. 3) а), forward 1. 1), n4, fourth, imperfect 1. 1), б, inside 2. 1) а), intermediate 2. 2) а), inverted 1. 3), monopolistic, oligopolistic, one-sided 1. 3), one-way 2. 4) а), open outcry, outcry, over-the-counter 2. 1) а), over-the-telephone, parallel 2. 1) а), perfect 1. 1), n2б, pitching, physical 2. 1) а), public 1. 1), n4, pure 1. 1) а), retail 2. 1) а), screen-based, second 1. 1), n2, sideways 2. 6) а), spot 2. 1) а), third 2. 3) а), wholesale 2. 1) а)
ATTRIBUTES [legality\]: administered 1), bear 1. 2), black 1. 3) а), blocked 1. 2) а), controlled, democratic 1), formal 1. 1) а), free 1. 1) а), informal 1), б, illicit, kerb, organized 1), в, overt 1. 2) а), regulated, rigged 1. 2) а)
See:CHILD [product\]: product market, financial market, services market, political market, pollution permit market, related markets CHILD [structure\]: actual market 2), 3), aftermarket 1), auction market, call market, carrying market, cash market, 1), 1), continuous market, double auction market, double-auction market, first market, forward market, fourth market, imperfect market, inside market 2), inter-dealer market, intermediate market, inverted market, monopolistic market, non-exchange market, off-board market, oligopolistic market, one-sided market, one-way market, open outcry market, OTC market, outcry market, 2), over-the-counter market, over-the-counter securities market, over-the-telephone market, parallel market, perfect market, physical market, public market 2), pure market, retail market, screen-based market, second market, spot market, street market 1), third market, upstairs market 2), wholesale market CHILD [legality\]: administered market, bear market 2), black market 1) а), blocked market, closed market, controlled market, formal market, free market, free and open market, informal market, grey market 1) а), illicit market, kerb market, organized market, price-making market, regulated market 1) а), rigged market, self-regulated market, access to market, market access, market disruption, inside market 1), 1), market-determined price3)а) эк. спрос; объем спроса, размер рынка (наличие желающих купить товар; часто используется как характеристика определенной территории)COMBS:
The European market for this product is estimated at $10 billions during next 5 years. — По оценкам, объем европейского рынка этого продукта будет равен 10 млрд долл. в течение ближайших пяти лет.
ATTRIBUTES: actual 1. 1), assured 1. 2), brisk 1. 1), business 1. 4) а), commercial 1. 1), consumer 1. 1), consumers, customer 1. 1), dealer 1. 1), б, enterprise 1. 2) а), government 1. 7) а), heavy user, industrial 1. 1), а, institutional 1. 1), а, manufacturing 2. 1) а), organizational, personal 1. 2) а), potential, producer 1. 1), professional 1. 1), promising, ready 1. 1), reseller, trade 1. 2), world 2. 1) а)
See:actual market 1), assured market, brisk market, business market, commercial market, consumer market, consumers market, consumers' market, customer market, dealer market, enterprise market, government market, heavy-user market, industrial market, institutional market, large-volume market, manufacturing market, organizational market, personal market 1), potential market 1) б), producer market, professional market, promising market, ready market, reseller market, trade market, world market 2) б)б) эк. потребителиATTRIBUTES: brand-loyal, control 3. 1), conventional 3. 2), core 2. 2), exploratory, intended, main 1. 1), mass 3. 1), personal 3. 2), potential, primary 2. 2), n2, principal 2. 2), n1, prospective, target 3. 1), test 3. 1), traditional
Syn:See:brand-loyal market, control market, conventional market, core market, exploratory market, intended market, main market 2), personal market 2), potential market 2) а), primary market 2), principal market 1) а), prospective market, target market, test market, traditional market, market acceptance, market attritionв) марк. рынок сбыта ( географический район)ATTRIBUTES: colonial, domestic 2) а), export 3. 2) а), external 1. 2) а), foreign 1. 1) а), global 1. 1) а), home 2. 2) а), internal 1. 2) а), international 1. 1) а), dispersed, distant 1. 1) а), local 1. 1) а), national 1. 1) а), nation-wide, nationwide, overseas 1. 2) а), regional, scattered 1. 1) а), world 2. 1) а), world-wide
Syn:See:colonial market, domestic market 1), export market, external market 1), foreign market 1), global market, home market, internal market 1), 2), international market, dispersed market, distant market, local market, national market, nation-wide market, overseas market, regional market, scattered market, world market 1), worldwide market, new-to-market, old-to-marketг) марк. = market segmentATTRIBUTES:
ATTRIBUTES: concentrated 1) а), craft 1. 1) а), demographic, downscale 1. 2) а), heterogeneous, homogeneous, high-income, low-end, metro, metropolitan, middle-aged, middle-class, mid-range, military, rural, specialized, specialty, silver 2. 3) а), upscale 1. 2) а), youth 2. 4) а)
See:black market 2), 2), craft market, demographic market, downmarket, down-market, downscale market, heterogeneous market, homogeneous market, high-income market, low-end market, lower end of the market, middle-aged market, middle-class market, mid-range market, military market 2) б), specialized market, specialty market, silver market 1) б), upscale market, youth market4) эк. конъюнктура, уровень цен, состояние рынка (состояние рынка в значении 2, с точки зрения активности продавцов и покупателей и соответствующей динамики изменения цен)ATTRIBUTES: active 1. 3), advancing, bid 1. 3), bear 1. 2), barren 1. 3), broad 1. 1), bull 1. 2), close II 2. 3) в), competitive II 2. 2) а), complete 1. 2), confident II 2. 1) а), congested, contango, contestable, crossed II 2. 2) а), crowded II 2. 1) а), а, dead 1. 2), declining, deep II 2. 2) а), depressed II 2. 2) а), б, differentiated, dull II 2. 1) а), efficient II 2. 1) а), б, emerging, established II 2. 1) а), expanding, falling, fast II 1. 2) а), fertile II 2. 1) а), firm I 1. 1) а), flat I 2. 4) а), graveyard, growing 1. 1), growth II 2. 1) а), heavy II 2. 1) а), inactive II 2. 2) а), increasing, jumpy II 2. 1) а), б, languid II 2. 2) а), limited II 2. 1) а), liquid I 2. 6) а), locked II 2. 2) а), lucrative, mature 1. 2), narrow 1. 1), nervous I 2. 5) б), normal I 1. 5) б), offered, overstocked II 2. 1) а), а, pegged I 1. 3) б), present I 2. 2) б), price-sensitive, productive I 1. 3) б), profitable II 2. 1) а), protected, recession-hit, restricted II 2. 1) а), restrictive II 2. 1) а), rising, sagging I 2. 2) б), saturated I 1. 3) б), seller II 2. 1) а), а, selective I 2. 5) б), sensitive I 2. 4) б), short 1. 1), shrinking, slack I 2. 2) б), sluggish II 2. 2) а), soft I 2. 4) б), sold-out, stable I 2. 1) б), stagnant II 2. 1) а), static I 2. 2) б), steady 1. 1), stiff 1. 1), б, strong II 2. 2) а), technically strong, technically weak, tight I 2. 4) б), wide II 2. 1) а)
See:active market, advancing market, bid market, bear market 1), Big Emerging Markets, broad market, bull market, buyers' market, close market, competitive market, complete market, contango market, contestable market, crossed market, crowded market, dead market, declining market, deep market, depressed market, differentiated market, dull market, efficient market, emerging market, established market, expanding market, fast market, fertile market, firm market, flat market, growing market, inactive market, jumpy market, languid market, lemons market, limited market, liquid market, locked market, lucrative market, market of lemons, mature market, narrow market, normal market, offered market, overstocked market, pegged market, present market, price-sensitive market, productive market, profitable market, protected market, recession-hit market, restricted market, restrictive market, rising market, sagging market, saturated market, sellers market, seller's market, sellers' market, selective market, sensitive market, short market, shrinking market, slack market, sluggish market, soft market, sold-out market, stable market, stagnant market, static market, steady market, stiff market, strong market, technically strong market, technically weak market, tight market, wide market5) эк., амер. розничный магазин (обычно специализированный, напр., мясной, рыбный)6) эк., пол. рынок (принцип устройства экономической системы, предусматривающий свободное формирование цен под воздействием спроса и предложения)See:7) межд. эк. рынок (экономический союз нескольких стран, в основе которого лежит создание единого торгового пространства для товаров, услуг и факторов производства)ATTRIBUTES: common 1) а), single 2) а)
See:common market, single market, Andean Common Market, Arab Common Market, Central American Common Market, Central American Common Market, common market, Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa2. гл.1) эк. продавать, реализовывать, распространятьto receive approval from X agency to market the product — получить разрешение от органа Х на распространение продукта
2) марк. осуществлять маркетинг, позиционировать, продвигатьE-mail is recognized as the easiest and cheapest way to market your organization, your programs, and your issues. — Электронная почта считается самым легким и недорогим способом продвижения [рекламирования\] вашей организации, ваших программ и вашей работы.
See:3. прил.1) эк. рыночныйAnt:market age, market animal, market livestock, market output, market place, market quality 1), market services, market stall, market weight 1)See:market activity 1), market behaviour 2), market capitalism, 1), market competition, market conduct, market discipline, market economy, market exchange, market fundamentalism, market ideology, market mechanism, market mode of coordination, market order of worth, market political culture, market sector 3), market socialism, market system, market transactionSee:market absorption, market acceptance, market activity 2), market appraisal, market area, market attractiveness, market attrition, market audience, market basket, market behaviour 1), market breadth, market break, market breakdown, market cap, market capacity, market capitalization, market challenger, 2), market clearance 2), market clearing, market communications, market composition, market concentration, market condition, market conditions 2), market coverage, market decline, market definition, market demand, market depth, market disequilibrium, market dominance, market dynamics, market equilibrium, market expectation, market expectations, market failure, market focus, market follower, market form, market glut, market grade, 1), market growth, market homogeneity, market interest rate, market intermediary, market jitters, market leader, market leadership, market level 2), market maker, market making, market needs, market nicher, market organization, market out, market participant, market partnership, market pattern, market position, market potential, market power, market presence, market pressure, market price, market profile, market quality 2), market quotation, market rate, market rate of interest, market range, market reaction, market requirements, market resistance, market response, market return, market satisfaction, market saturation, market segment, market selection, market sensitivity, market sentiment, market share, market situation 1), market size, market stability, market standard, market standing, market structure, market supply, market tone, market trader, market trend, market undertone, market user, market value, market value added, market volume, market weight 2) Market EyeSee:market analysis, market analyst, market approach, market arbitrage, market audit, market average, market barrier, market build-up, market channel, market clearance 1), market closing, market conditions 1), market conversion price, market cycle, market data, market development, market discount, market entry, market evidence, market exit, market expansion, market experiment, market exploration, market exposure, market factor, market fluctuation, market fluctuations, market forces, market forecast, market forecasting, 2), market hours, market incentive, market index, market indicator, market information, market inroad, market intelligence, market interface, market investigation, market letter, market level 1), market liquidity, market manager, market mapping, market matching, market maximization, market model, market modification, market movement, market multiple, market niche, market node, market opening, market opportunity, market order, market orientation, market outlet, market penetration, market performance, market period, market plan, market planning, market portfolio, market positioning, market prognosis, market ratio, market report, market research, market researcher, market reversal, market review, market risk, market rollout, market sector 1), &2, market segmentation, market selectivity, market sharing, market signal, market situation 2), market skimming, market specialist, market specialization, market stimulant, market strategy, market study, market survey, market sweep, market target, market targeting, market test, market testing, market timer, market timing2) эк. товарный, рыночный ( предназначенный для продажи на рынке)market fish — товарная рыба, рыба для продажи
market stock — товарный скот, скот для продажи
market vegetables — товарные овощи, овощи для продажи
Syn:marketable 3)See:market age, market animal, market livestock, market output, market place, market quality 1), market services, market stall, market weight 1)
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market; Mkt; mart 1) рынок: организованная или неформальная система торговли товарами, услугами или финансовыми инструментами на основе четких правил (напр., фондовая биржа); 2) рыночные цены, состояние конъюнктуры; 3) совокупность людей или юридических лиц, предъявляющих текущий или потенциальный спрос на товары услуги; равнозначно спросу; 4) основные участники финансового рынка: дилеры, торгующие за свой счет, посредники и покупатели; 5) = marketplace; 6) рынок как столкновение спроса и предложения покупателей и продавцов, в результате которого определяется цена товара; 7) (to) продавать; см. marketing; 8) = market value; 9) "The Market"= Dow Jones Industrial Average.* * *рынок; рыночное хозяйство; рыночная экономика; рыночный механизм; спрос; конъюнктура. Как правило, употребляется применительно к фондовому рынку. 'Сегодня рынок упал' означает, что в этот день стоимость сделок на фондовом рынке снизилась . Инвестиционная деятельность .* * *организованное собрание/встреча людей, на которой происходит торговля ценными бумагами-----территория, на которой встречаются продавцы и покупатели, чтобы обменяться тем, что представляет ценность-----конъюнктурный обзор; бюллетень о состоянии рынка -
11 market
1 noun∎ to be on the market être en vente;∎ to come onto the market arriver sur le marché;∎ to put sth on the market mettre qch sur le marché ou en vente;∎ to take sth off the market retirer qch du marché;∎ to be in the market for sth être acheteur de qch, chercher à acheter qch;∎ to find a market for sth trouver un débouché ou des acheteurs pour qch;∎ to corner a market accaparer un marché;∎ to find a ready market trouver à vendre facilement;∎ there's always a (ready) market for software il y a toujours une forte demande pour les logiciels;∎ to price oneself out of the market perdre sa clientèle en demandant trop cher;∎ the bottom has fallen out of the market le marché s'est effondrémarket analysis analyse f du marché; market analyst analyste m f du marché;market appeal attrait m commercial;market appraisal évaluation f du marché;American market basket panier m de la ménagère;market challenger challengeur m;market choice choix m sur le marché; (product) choix du marché;market competition concurrence f du marché;market conditions conditions f pl du marché;market correction correction f du marché;market demand demande f du marché;market depression dépression f du marché;market development développement m du marché;market division division f du marché;market dynamics dynamique f du marché;market economy économie f de marché;market entry lancement m sur le marché;market expansion extension f du marché;market exposure exposition f sur le marché;market fluctuation mouvement m du marché;market follower suiveur m (sur le marché);market forces forces f pl du marché;market forecast prévisions f pl du marché;market growth croissance f du marché;market intelligence information f commerciale;market maker teneur m de marché;market manager directeur(trice) m, f de marché;market mechanism mécanisme m du marché;market minimum ventes f pl de base;market orientation orientation f marché;market participant intervenant(e) m, f ou acteur m sur le marché;market penetration pénétration f du marché;market penetration pricing tarification f de pénétration du marché;market penetration strategy stratégie f de pénétration;market pioneer pionnier m;market positioning positionnement m sur le marché;market price prix m du marché;market profile profil m du marché;market prospects perspectives f pl commerciales;market rate taux m du marché;market rate of discount taux d'escompte hors banque;market report étude f de marché, rapport m ou bilan m commercial;market research étude de marché;∎ market research has shown that the idea is viable des études de marché ont montré que l'idée a des chances de réussir;market research company société f d'études de marché;British Market Research Society = société d'étude de marché britannique;market researcher = personne qui fait une étude de marché;market segment segment m de marché;market segmentation segmentation f du marché;market share part f de marché;market structure structure f du marché;market study étude de marché;market study report rapport d'étude de marché;market survey étude de marché;market test test m de marché;market thrust percée f commerciale;market trends tendances f pl du marché;market value valeur f marchande(b) STOCK EXCHANGE marché m;∎ to play the market spéculer;∎ the market has risen ten points l'indice est en hausse de dix pointsmarket capitalization capitalisation f boursière; market commentator chroniqueur(euse) m, f boursier(ère);market crisis choc m boursier;market indicator indicateur m de marché;market maker intermédiaire m f;market order ordre m au mieux;market price cours m (de la Bourse);market price list mercuriale f;market quotation cotation f au cours du marché;market rating cours en Bourse;market risk risque m du marché;market size taille f boursière;market trend conjoncture f boursière;market value valeur f boursièrecommercialiser; (launch) lancerThe primary commodity price index, developed by the economists Enzo R. Grilli and Maw Cheng Yang, takes the international cost of a market basket of 24 of the most commonly consumed "renewable and non-renewable resources" -- foodstuffs, non-food agricultural goods, and metals -- and adjusts for inflation.
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12 market
market ['mɑ:kɪt]1 noun∎ to go to (the) market aller au marché, aller faire son marché∎ to be on the market être en vente;∎ to come onto the market arriver sur le marché;∎ home and foreign market marché m intérieur et extérieur;∎ the job market le marché de l'emploi;∎ the property market le marché immobilier;∎ to put sth on the market mettre qch en vente ou sur le marché;∎ they've just put their house on the market ils viennent de mettre leur maison en vente;∎ the most economical car on the market la voiture la plus économique du marché;∎ new products are always coming onto the market de nouveaux produits apparaissent constamment sur le marché;∎ a new electric car has been brought onto the market une nouvelle voiture électrique a été mise sur le marché;∎ to be on the open market être sur le marché libre;∎ to take sth off the market retirer qch du marché;∎ she's in the market for Persian rugs elle cherche à acheter des tapis persans, elle est acheteuse de tapis persans;∎ there's always a (ready) market for computer software il y a toujours une forte demande pour les logiciels;∎ he's unable to find a market for his products il ne trouve pas de débouchés pour ses produits;∎ we hope to conquer the Australian market nous espérons conquérir le marché australien;∎ this ad should appeal to the teenage market cette pub devrait séduire les jeunes;∎ to find a market for sth trouver un débouché ou des acheteurs pour qch;∎ to find a ready market trouver à vendre facilement;∎ to price oneself out of the market perdre sa clientèle en demandant trop cher;∎ the bottom has fallen out of the market le marché s'est effondré∎ the market has risen 10 points l'indice est en hausse de 10 points;∎ to play the market jouer en bourse, spéculerAmerican (go shopping) faire le marché;∎ to go marketing aller faire ses courses►► market analysis analyse f de marché;market analyst analyste mf du marché;market appeal attrait m commercial;market appraisal évaluation f du marché;Stock Exchange market capitalization capitalisation f boursière;market challenger challengeur m;market choice choix m sur le marché; (product preferred by market) choix m du marché;Stock Exchange market commentator chroniqueur m boursier;market competition concurrence f du marché;market conditions conditions fpl du marché;Stock Exchange market crisis choc m boursier;market day jour m de marché;market demand demande f du marché;market development développement m du marché;market economy économie f de marché ou libérale;market entry lancement m sur le marché;market expansion extension f de marché;market exploration prospection f du marché;market exposure exposition f sur le marché;market fluctuation mouvement m du marché;market follower suiveur m (sur le marché);market forces les forces fpl du marché;market forecast prévisions fpl du marché, pronostic m du marché;market gap manque m sur le marché;British market garden jardin m maraîcher;British market gardener maraîcher(ère) m,f;British market gardening culture f maraîchère;market growth croissance f du marché;market indicator indicateur m de marché;market intelligence intelligence f marketing, information f commerciale;Stock Exchange market maker mainteneur m ou teneur m du marché, intermédiaire mf;market mechanism mécanisme m du marché;market minimum (base sales) ventes fpl de base;Stock Exchange market order ordre m au mieux;market orientation orientation f marché;market participant intervenant(e) m,f ou acteur m sur le marché;market penetration pénétration f du marché;market penetration pricing tarification f de pénétration du marché;market pioneer pionnier m;market player acteur m de marché;market positioning positionnement m sur le marché;market price Commerce prix m courant; Stock Exchange cours m de (la) Bourse;Stock Exchange market price list mercuriale f;market profile profil m du marché;market prospects perspectives fpl commerciales;Stock Exchange market quotation cotation f au cours du marché;market rate taux m du marché;market rate of discount taux m d'escompte hors banque;Stock Exchange market rating cours m en Bourse;market report étude f de marché, rapport m ou bilan m commercial;market research recherche f commerciale; étude f ou études fpl de marché;∎ market research has shown that the idea is viable des études de marché ont montré que l'idée a des chances de réussir;∎ he works in market research il travaille dans le marketing;market research company société f d'études de marché;market researcher chargé(e) m,f d'étude de marché;British Market Research Society = société d'étude de marché britannique;market risk risque m du marché;market rollout élargissement m du marché;market segment segment m de marché;market segmentation segmentation f du marché;market share part f de marché;market size (of product) part f de marché; (of market) taille f du marché; Stock Exchange taille f boursière;British market square place f du marché;market study étude f de marché;market survey enquête f de marché;market test marché-test m, test m de marché, test m de vente;market thrust percée f commerciale;market town bourg m;British market trader vendeur(euse) m,f qui fait les marchés;Stock Exchange market trend conjoncture f boursière;market value Commerce (of object, product) valeur f marchande; Stock Exchange (of share) valeur f boursière ou en bourse -
13 program
программа; план; задача; составлять программу [план]; планировать; программировать, задавать программу (напр. ЭВМ)morale, welfare and recreation program — программа мероприятий по бытовому обеспечению, организации отдыха и развлечений
rationalization, standardization and interoperability program — программа рационализации, стандартизации и интероперабельности (оборудования)
telecommunications and C2 program — программа создания систем руководства, управления и (дальней) связи
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